Colgate Palmolive-Precision Toothbrush Case

COLGATE – PALMOLIVE COMPANY: THE PRECISION TOOTHBRUSH I-SYNOPSIS In 1992, Colgate-Palmolive (CP) was the global leader in household and personal care products like toothbrushes and toothpastes. In 1991, its sales topped at $6 billion and profits at $2. 76 billion and it cornered 43% of the world’s toothpaste market and 16% of the world’s toothbrush market. It was also the leader in retail toothbrush sales in the United States. Prior to the 1990s, consumers were satisfied with toothbrushes that were aesthetically pleasing. But the 1990s saw that baby boomers were becoming increasingly concerned with their oral health, specifically their gums. This led to a rise in the sales of therapeutic toothbrushes. The toothbrush industry experienced a massive influx of worthy competitors and this led to the formation of a niche, super-premium market. In order to gain an edge each competitor worked on developing new toothbrush technology, forming alliances with dental professionals, expanding advertising budgets and offering promotions that would grab consumer attention. In August 1992, Colgate – Palmolive was poised to launch a new toothbrush in the United States, tentatively named Colgate Precision in the super-premium market. Precision, was proven to be very effective in removing plaque – 35% more effective than existing brands – and in preventing gum disease. This advantage has been attributed to the innovative design, high-tech research using CAD and infrared scanning, consumer research and extensive product testing. CP’s Oral Care had been developing this technologically superior toothbrush for over three years. But the market was highly competitive with new products already in the fray. CP had to market Colgate Precision as per existing market strategies that include proposed strategies involving product, price, place, and promotion. The issues and Challenges, Analysis and Recommendations of the case are enumerated in the succeeding paragraphs. II-SSUES AND CHALLENGES In 1991, CPs sales topped at $6 billion and profits at $2. 76 billion and it cornered 43% of the world’s toothpaste market and 16% of the world’s toothbrush market. In the United States, the world’s largest market, Colgate-Palmolive held the number one spot in toothbrush sales with a market share of 23%. Its international sales accounted for 64% of total sales and profits account for 67% of the total profits from international operations. The impending release of Colgate-Palmolive’s new toothbrush, Precision, may affect sales of its existing toothbrush lines. This may lead to a â€Å"cannibalization† of the Colgate Plus and Colgate Classic’s market of up by 35% to 60%. of the expected Colgate Precision sales. Since the existing toothbrush lines are the â€Å"cash cows† of the company’s oral care division, a dismal performance by the new Colgate-Palmolive Precision might drain the â€Å"cash cows† of its their resources market share altogether. Colgate-Palmolive’s media expenditure layout is very small compared to its rivals. It spent only $7 million dollars on marketing Colgate-Palmolive Plus. Since media exposure fuels consumer demand for a new product, this is one area where Colgate-Palmolive needs to have its expenditures equivalent to that of its rivals. Colgate-Palmolive’s media expenditure layout is very small compared to its rivals. CP could be positioned as a niche product to be targeted at consumers concerned about gum disease as such; it could command the 15% premium over Oral-B and would be expected to capture 3% of the US tooth brush market by the end of first year following its launch. Alternatively Precision could be positioned as a mainstream brush with the broader appeal of being the most effective brush available on the market. It was estimated that as a mainstream product, Precision could capture 10% of the market by the end of the first year. CP already had another toothbrush in the mainstream toothbrush, but didn’t have any in the super premium niche position. Other decisions that will follow the positioning decision would be price, distribution channels, advertising and promotion planning. If it is positioned as mainstream right away then not only will it cannibalize Colgate Plus, which is one tier below the super-premium category, but will have leave CP without a product in the super premium category which is the largest customer segment and Oral-B is virtually unrivalled in that space. Challenges Because of the recent market saturation, the various producers of oral health care products have rushed to offer promotional incentives including two-for-one, buy-one-get-one-free and mail-in refund coupon deals. With the increase of in-store advertising, toothbrushes and toothpastes have been found to sell 170% better when located in close proximity. The most worrisome threats to CP are from the company itself. If CP were to release the Precision brush into the mainstream market as the â€Å"Colgate Precision,† not only would it knock the children’s Plus brush off of the shelves, it would also cannibalize its flagship Plus model. III-ANALYSIS In the year 1993, budget was increased to cater for overall toothbrush ads and promotion budget by $19. 2m (80%over estimated $24m). $32. 5m was devoted to precision, $10. m to Colgate plus. The advertisements focused on prevention of gum disease, toothbrush effectiveness so as to develop superiority claim for Precision. Customers picked their brushes based on features, comfort, personal recommendation and health and hygiene. As a consequence they were willing to pay premium for products addressing these concerns.. 82% of toothbrush purcha ses were unplanned. 46% of adults were therapeutic brushers. 85% brushed daily. 85% used professional brush and 54% flossed regularly. Their major brands were Oral B Angle, Oral B Regular and Colgate Plus. In 1992 CP had a principal toothbrush brand Market share of 26% and was followed by Oral B and Johnson & Johnson with market shares of 23% and 22% respectively. CP had the highest market share of 26% in Food stores and 39% in Mass merchandisers but had a dismal 17% market share in drug stores where Oral B had a highest market share of 31%. Thus CP needed to increase its focus in the drugstore channel. Colgate precision was priced at $2. 02 in the niche category and $1. 76 as a mainstream product. The manufacture cost per unit of Colgate precision was $0. 66 in the niche category and $0. 4 as a mainstream product. Industry Analysis Not only can the industry be broken down by price models (super-premium, professional, and value), it can broken down a second time into niche and mainstream offerings. Consumers of this industry can be sorted into three categories: therapeutic, cosmetic, and uninvolved. Competitive Analysis One promising conclusion that can be drawn from the competitive an alysis is that every company has been caught off guard by the change in consumer behavior, emergence of new technology, and introduction of new players entering the playing field. For example, in 1988, Johnson & Johnson introduced â€Å"new brush technology† only to phase it out by 1992. In order to get an edge, competitors, Johnson & Johnson, Oral-B, Procter & Gamble, and Smithkline Beecham (latter two are new competitors), are offering promotions in the form of coupons, mail-in refunds, and bundles. Environmental Analysis With 43% of the global toothpaste market and 16% of the global toothbrush market, CP has defined itself a leader of household and personal care products worldwide, and positioned itself as the number one retailer of toothbrush products in the United States. Because of its good standing relationship with retail stores, it is able to position its products on the middle shelf, right between its competitors, Reach and Oral-B. Although industry players are manufacturing products to improve oral health, it has been difficult to educated consumers of the importance of preventing gum disease (which is a common motivator to improve dental care habits). One major advantage that the competitor, Oral-B is, it is recommended by dental professionals. IV-RECOMMENDATIONS Opportunities In consumer tests, majority of consumers are willing to experiment with new brands/models, CP could make being new, different, and effective the major tenants of its marketing messaging; along with including messaging concerning their incredible ability to fight gum disease, it should have a rock solid campaign. Price Precision should be positioned as niche category in the price category $2. 29

Going to College Essay

Going to college really does open a new chapter in everyone life, the beginning of new friendships, opportunities and growth. As a college student, a new student will be introduced to new areas of interest, broaden his vision of possibilities, establish and accomplish goals, develop lifelong friendships and define him or her in ways that he can imagine. Anyone on Earth already asked, or will ask himself where he would be in 10, 20 or even 30 years down the road. It is hard enough imagining what his life is going to be like in a year or two. Questions like â€Å"Where do you want to be today, tomorrow and in the future?† might be hard ones for young teenagers, who just graduated from high school. Attending college will help anyone answer those questions, develop a realistic plan for accomplishing his goals, and equip him with the knowledge and skills he will needs to see his goals through to the end. We usually assume that a college degree is necessary when it is not actually. We can also noticed that, because we place so much emphasis on degrees, people who have not attended college think of themselves badly, and this lack of self-confidence can really impede their success. There are some people for whom the college is actually not the best way to learn. However, a college education is an opportunity for everyone to learn what he loves. A new student can actually take the time to enjoy learning what he is truly passionate about. If he is interested in a variety of things and he is not sure where to focus, he can take his time to try them all. Nobody should look at college as a long-term contract that he is not going to be able to get out of once he starts. Anyone should feel like he needs to decide on a major area of study before starting college. College is a time for everyone to test himself, explore his interests, see what the possibilities are, and to see what he can achieve. Most other students attending college are going to be in the exact same boat . There are also a variety of resources, provided by most universities, to help anyone through college, including academic advisors, professors accessible on campus, tutoring academic support, full-time counseling staff and more. While the prospect of attending college may seem a bit daunting and even suffocating, a graduated high school teenager should not forget that he will still get to live his life. He will be able to participate in a variety of extracurricular activities, social groups, maintain a job, or even pursue a career while completing his studies. He may even find that college ends up being much more enjoyable and fulfilling than he ever expected. There are additional reasons as to why it is important to go to college. When students experience a post-secondary education, they have the opportunity to read books and listen to the lectures of top experts in their fields. This stimulation encourages students to think, ask questions, and explore new ideas. So, â€Å"why should you go to college?† The reasoning does not begin and end with the job aspect. A good education is beneficial from many different viewpoints. If any teenager is still asking himself why he should go to college, it is important to remember the significant amount of opportunity available for college graduates. The global economy is becoming increasingly more competitive, and in order to give him the best chance for a well-paying job, he must first understand the importance of college education. Attending college provides students with the knowledge and experience they are unable to receive from a secondary education, and finding a way to fund a higher education now can pay off in a huge way in the years to come.

Diversification Strategies - 1571 Words

BUS 508 | Diversification Strategies | Dr. Marilyn Caroll | | Kayla Lewis | 5/6/2012 | Diversification Strategies In today’s global markets companies are faced with tough decisions, one of the toughest decisions a corporation faces is whether or not they should diversify their business. Diversification simply means to mix a wide variety of investments within a portfolio. The rationale behind this technique contends that a portfolio of different kinds of investments will, on average, yield higher returns and pose a lower risk than any individual investment found within the portfolio (Silvia M.Chan-Olmsted, 2007). Firms that have success strive to transfer their winning business know- how to new activities. To these firms,†¦show more content†¦Although the company performance increased over the last two years its performance is still significantly lower than in past decades. Part of the reason the company will have a hard time regaining the momentum is because consumers have become exposed to more choices and their demands have changed. Consumers want an all in one service provi der. In my opinion if Time Warner fails to respond to the changing demands of the consumers, it’s as good as a dying dinosaur. General Electric’s (GE) humble beginnings began in 1878 when Thomas Edison established a light company called â€Å"Edison Electric Light Company†. GE was created as a result of a merger between the Edison Electric Light Company and Thomson-Houston Light Company (David Allen, 2007). It still maintains the same Dow Jones index it had since 1896. The company has a global presence in 100 countries and growing and currently employs 313,000 people worldwide. GE is a multinational conglomerate whose operations span financial services, energy, industrial manufacturing and healthcare. It’s a diversified and profitable conglomerate with a lot of very good but very unrelated business (Barron, 2011). Diversifying provides the company with a degree of protection against poor performance in any business segment (Arthur Anderson, 2007). This has helped shield profit losses during the recession ofShow MoreRelatedDiversification Strategies1287 Words   |  6 PagesDiversific ation Strategies BUS 508 Contemporary Business Seena S. Nelms Strayer University Diversification Strategies What is diversification? According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary online, diversifications means to produce variety or to engage in varied operations. Diversification is a strategy that takes companies into new markets with new products and services to increase their profitability. Some corporations have diversified and succeeded, while other haveRead MoreDiversification Strategy1412 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 2: Diversification Strategy The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two companies; One successful and one unsuccessful. The two companies chosen for this purpose is General Motors (unsuccessful) and Toyota Motor Corporation (successful). The content of this paper will analyze, compare and contrast the outcomes, and recommend actions that General Motors could have made to make their diversification venture more successful. The analysis will include the company’s coreRead MoreDiversification Strategies1949 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: STRATEGIES Diversification Strategies Pamela L. McGhee Dr. Kimberly Anthony The Business Enterprise – BUS 508 Strayer University, Savannah Campus 30 October 2011 Diversification IBM a Fortune 500 company celebrated its 100th birthday this past June. IBM employs over 400,000 employees and is considered to be a $100 billion dollar or more giant in e-business global marketing technology. With the inception of the computer, IBM’s core business was mainframe computersRead MoreDiversification Strategies2112 Words   |  9 PagesDiversification Strategies Let’s explain diversification of a company first; I myself thought it meant something totally different. A diversified company is a company that has multiple unrelated businesses. Those different businesses require separate management teams, have different customers, and produce different products or sell different services. One of the advantages of being a diversified company is that can create a separation from issues of one of the other businesses. Companies canRead MoreMicrosofts Diversification Strategy2716 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction This essay plans to focus on the corporate strategy of Microsoft, and show how Microsoft has used diversification successfully within their corporate strategy to gain a competitive advantage. This essay will utilise the following structure. It will commence by providing the reader with a brief history about Microsoft and then go onto explaining what corporate strategy is. Following this will be Microsoft’s diversification strategy in parallel with the reasons why they choose to diversifyRead MoreDiversification Strategy at GE933 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Diversification strategy is noted by Martà ­nez-Campillo, Fernà ¡ndez-Gago (2011) as a type of corporate strategy that is employed by an organization that aim at increasing its profitability by means of enhanced sales volume which is realized via the engagement in new markets as well as new products. 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At the business unitRead MorePepsico Diversification Strategy1990 Words   |  8 Pages16 October 2012 Draft v1 Seitenzahlen einfà ¼gen, Inhaltsverzeichnis einfà ¼gen Pepsico’s Diversification Strategy in 2008 Discussion material 16 October 2012 16 October 2012 Draft v1 Contents Seitenzahlen einfà ¼gen Sections 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Project Team Our understanding of PepsiCo Market / Industry analysis Financial analysis Portfolio analysis Recommendations QA 1 16 October 2012 Draft v1 2.1 PepsiCo Overview Overview nï  ®Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ nï  ®Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ nï  ®Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ nï  ®Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Acquisitions nï  ®Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Formed in 1965:Read MoreNoco Soccer Academy643 Words   |  3 Pagesin working toward expansion are loss of customer base to high school sports programs after they reach 14 years old, a narrow selection of programs for current customers, lack of diversification and limited awareness of the company’s programs and philosophy in adjacent towns. Dyer could employ many operational strategies help reach his ultimate goal of a new sports complex. There are several opportunities available for NOCO to take advantage of with minimal threat or competition to worry about.

Essay on From Slavery to Presidential Power - 1276 Words

When people look at a person’s appearance, no two people will ever look alike. When people look at a person’s character, no two people will ever look alike. Color, being the only thing that was similar, caused people of white race to see themselves as superior to those of African-American race. Slavery, which first arrived in Virginia in 1619, was followed by a number of events; many laws and amendments were passed, like the Fugitive Slave Law. Slavery resulted in Civil War, later gaining rights for African-Americans. Becoming â€Å"Separate but Equal†, schools were still split by color. Over the years, segregation has become amalgamated, making the United States 44th president, Barack Obama, the first African-American president. In the royal†¦show more content†¦citizens and U.S. marshals to assist in the capture of escapees†(Unknown 2011). Those who refused were â€Å"subject[ed] to a heavy fine and imprisonment†(Unknown 2011). Because it was assumed all Africans-American were slaves, this law threatened both free and enslaved blacks. President Abraham Lincoln, being against slavery, was elected in 1860. He gained this position with no Southern State votes. Seven of the Southern states separated from the United States forming the Confederate States of America. Later, four more states followed their footsteps. Not being the single cause, slavery resulted in the Civil War. During the Civil War â€Å"more than 600,000 men [died] and hundreds of thousands of others wounded†¦consist[ing] of more than 50 major battles [and] 5,000 minor battles†(Scott 2008). After five years of fighting this sanguinary war, slavery was finally abolished. On the first of January in 1863, while the Civil War was still taking place, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This document was a step forward to freeing the slaves in the South, leading most slaves to depart and venture North, others staying to work for money. This document did not legally free any slave. Therefore, more steps had to be taken in order to fully abolish slavery. Placed in the Constitution, the Thirteenth Amendment officially completely abolished slavery in 1865. Although, having this amendment in place, â€Å"the newly freed slaves labored under conditions similar toShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of The 1860 Presidential Election1442 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the influence of the 1860 presidential election as a cause of the American Civil War The 1860 presidential election of Abraham Lincoln greatly contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809, served as the sixteenth president of the United States. He was the very first Republican to serve as president, eventually leading the Union to victory during the civil war. Lincoln opposed the idea of the expansion of slavery but acknowledged that he wouldRead MoreHow Compromises Failed to Prevent the Civil War1726 Words   |  7 PagesAs tensions between the North and the South rose on the issues of slavery and states’ rights, numerous compromises were proposed to ease the conflict. Such compromises included the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Crittenden Compromise. These compromises had intentions of defining where slavery was permitted and clarifying states’ rights. They were only temporary fixes to a more pressing issue. Between the Missouri Compromise and the Crittenden Compromise, a s eries of events changedRead MoreSouthern Secession1218 Words   |  5 Pagesof 1860 and 1861 â€Å"If slavery must not expand in your mind, it’s settled, we as a state secede from the governing of the Union and join a greater power, the Confederacy. We will no longer be hampered in your hatred towards our way of living. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Then be on your way, I shall not dabble in your cruel pro-slavery reasoning. Just bear the knowledge in mind, we are stronger as a whole.† The Missouri Compromise kept inevitable split of the Nation at bay when it prohibited slavery north of the parallel 36ï‚ °30’Read MoreCivil War Reconstruction: Success or Failure? Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pagesconstant arguing, compromises and cynical ideas about slavery pushed this so called United Nation into an atrocious collision between the Northern abolitionists and the Southern proslavery farmers and plantation owners. The nation suffered enormous losses economically and went into a downward spiral. The reconstruction period began with many leaders stepping up to try a nd fix this crippled country, but it didnt turn out like everyone hoped. Slavery was still the largest issue and the reconstructionRead MorePresident Andrew Jackson1541 Words   |  6 Pagesand scrutinized, Jackson’s presidency had an indisputable effect upon the power of the president as an individual. Jackson’s profound influence upon the office of presidency was exemplified within his fiscal, social, and political interventions in American politics during the mid nineteenth century. President Andrew Jackson changed the office of presidency through his continuous actions, which served to diminish the power of the federal government thus increasing both his political and economicRead MoreThe Kansas- Nebraska Act Essay1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposition from Northern politicians who believed that the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a sacred pact made by previous lawmakers during the union’s long history of compromises. For Southern politicians the Kansas- Nebraska Act would help the extension of slavery which most of the Northerners were against. Ignoring the wishes of the Northerners and pushing the Democratic agenda which wanted not only the continuation of slavery in the Southern states, but for the expansion of slavery to WesternRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of The Civil War1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe institution of slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the military leadership of President Lincoln to resolve the uncompromising political position o f the South/Confederacy. Lincoln’s â€Å"House Divided† speech will be an important primary source that defines the underlying resistance to the expansion of the slave states into new territories taken by the U.S. government in the 1850s. More so, the uncompromising and an increasingly militaristic aggression of the South in seceding from the Union definesRead MoreThe Real Lincoln Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s presidential career was full of questionable actions. Thomas DiLorenzo author of, The Real Lincoln discusses Lincoln’s actions regarding racism, his refusal to emancipate the slaves, his continual tendency to act independently of Congress, and his radical reconstruction after the Civil War. DiLorenzo attacks each of these topics in his book and proves that Lincoln had his own agenda, and was not the picture perfect president everybody thought that he was. The overall theme ofRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War891 Words   |  4 Pagessecede from the Union. Within six months, ten other states would follow. These eleven states would form the Confederacy. Southern secession was the first step leading to the American Civil War. This war was the bloodiest war in American history, killing roughly 600,000 American soldiers. The Civil War would have never happened if it wasn’t for the secession of the Southern states. Because of Lincoln’s election, States’ rights, economic issues, and slavery, eleven Confederate states seceded from theRead MoreThe Fiery Trial By Eric Foner1135 Words   |  5 Pagesoutlawed slavery in the U.S. Eric Foner, the American historian examined the path of Lincoln that eventually led him to a historical achievement. The Fiery Trial by Eric Foner shows that Lincoln unlimited capacity for growth allowed him to adapt to the changing political environment as the issue of slavery progressed in the 19th century. The book is a biography of Lincoln that takes a look at how Lincoln’s upbringing and early political environment had shaped his opinions regarding slavery. By putting

Elizabeth I And Two Miscarriages - 1501 Words

Anne Boleyn Born: Possibly end of May or early June between 1501 and 1507, specific date unknown. Probably born at Blickling (Norfolk). Parents: Sir Thomas Boleyn, Courtier and Diplomat, and Elizabeth, daughter of the Duke of Norfolk. Siblings: George Boleyn and Mary Boleyn. Married: Henry VIII of England. Married 25th January 1533, probably at the Palace of Whitehall. Divorced by her execution on the 19th of May 1936. Children: Elizabeth I and two miscarriages. Died: 19th May 1536, Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula, at the Tower of London. Brief Summary (Write a brief summary of there life. Highlight the key areas of their life) Her childhood was spent as the lady-in-waiting for the Archduchess Margaret before going to the French court and becoming the lady-in-waiting for Queen Mary, Henry VIII s younger sister. After the death of Louis her services went to Claude for seven years before returning to England in 1522, where a short betrothal was arranged that fell through eventually. She becomes a lady-in-waiting for Catherine of Aragon. After gaining the attention of Henry VIII she refuses to become his mistress like her sister had. Her family and her are showered in gifts and titles. Anne wanted the marriage annulled as she wanted to be Queen before giving in to her but showed a vile temper when it took a long time due to the disagreement with the Pope Clement VII. Anne made many enemies at court due to her behaviour and the way she was given preferential treatment evenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Queen Elizabeth841 Words   |  4 PagesThe last queen of the Tudor dynasty, Queen Elizabeth I proved to be on of the most celebrated, and controversial leaders in English history. Raised in a neglectful home, and shadowed by her mothers reputation, Elizabeth did not have the royal treatment that her siblings received. From her birth, she was a disappointment, as a child she was intelligent, yet unnoticed, and the road to her 1558-1603 reign was troubled. Elizabeth was born on September 7, 1533. To the disappointment of King HenryRead MoreThe Death Of The King1303 Words   |  6 PagesAnne’s fault that she was unable to carry a son full term. In January of 1536, Anne had miscarried for the last time, some say she had â€Å"miscarried of her savior† (Neale 5) in regards to this last miscarriage which was said to be a boy, a boy that the King so desperately wanted. With Anne’s last miscarriage, Henry was convinced that his second marriage was cursed just as his first marriage had been. However, this time six people would innocently be executed as a result. The evidence that was givenRead MoreThe Mayor Of Casterbridge, By Thomas Hardy907 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Henchard, Lucetta Le Sueur, Donald Farfrae, and Elizabeth Jane all demonstrate repetitive qualities and a lack of character development which either assist or hinder the justice and moral order of the characters’ fates. 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When he became king there were five royalRead MoreThe Core Concept Of Grief And Loss1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this journal is to examine the core concept of â€Å"Grief and Loss† in a patient that I cared for in a previous clinical. This clinical experience will represent this core concept and identify any discrepancies or inconsistencies that can be modified and incorporated to the nursing process. Consistencies will be researched based on articles, clinical experience, and our textbook. Inconsistencies will be analyzed by using our PICOT research. A summary with explored research will be discussedRead MoreEssay on Queen Elizabeth I - Family, Religion, and Politics1479 Words   |  6 Pagesdisappointing day was that of her birth, Elizabeth Tudor’s life seemed almost made for trials and controversy, both personally and politically. Although she had, at times, a horrible temper and a disagreeable personality, and suffered through many physical and psychological problems as an adult, Elizabeth proved to be one of the most remarkable monarchs in English history. Firstly, I will discuss Elizabeth’s family (including her many stepmothers), and then I will talk about her relationship withRead MoreHenry VIII and His Six Wives Essay examples1351 Words   |  6 Pages While Henry and Anne were planning for the birth of their first child, the king knew for sure that it would be a boy and had prince written on the documents and then on Sept 7, 1533 around 3:00 pm princess Elizabeth was born. Anne knew she had to produce a son but had two miscarriages shortly after Elizabeths birth. Annes enemies in the court began to plot against her, using the fact that the King still did not have a male heir to the thrown and the fact that the King had turned his attentionsRead MoreA Brief History of the Life of Anne Boleyn, An Outline Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction I. Attention-Getter: I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never: and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. (Anne Boleyn Bio, 2013) II. Credibility Statement: A growing interest in the development of the Tudor family led me to research some information on my own, and when I came acrossRead MoreThe Other Boleyn Girl1698 Words   |  7 Pageswhen the two sisters, Anne and Mary Boleyn are driven by their father and uncle to advance the family’s power and status. They are expected to divert the King of England who, immediately goes for the younger daughter, Mary. She gives birth to a son, which pleases the King, as the Queen, Catherine of Aragon fails to provide a male heir to the English throne. Anne’s aim though is, to become the Queen of England and she won’t give up. What starts as a bid ends in a ruthless rivalry between the two sistersRead MoreKings and Queens: The Tudors Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesreign there was a war going on between two families, The York and The Lancaster family. This war was known as the War of the Roses and had gone on for centuries, but Henry changed that on January 18, 1486, Henry of the Lancaster family and Elizabeth of the York family got married, because of their marriage the war had ended and it brought peace to England once again. King Henry and Elizabeth ended up having four kids, Arthur, Margaret, Henry, and Mary. Only two of them became rulers of England. The

Social Psychology Research Proposal free essay sample

Unfair Advantage: Testing the Advantage of Being Attractive in the Workforce The Halo Effect is the cognitive bias that generalizes that if an individual has one outstanding favorable character trait, the rest of that individual’s trait will be favorable. Specific to physical attractiveness, this is known as the â€Å"Attractiveness Halo. † Attractiveness plays an important role in determining social interactions. In fact, the physical attractiveness of an individual is a vital social cue utilized by others to evaluate other aspects of that individual’s abilities (Kenealy, Frude, Shaw, 2001). Because of the attractiveness halo, attractive applicants trying to enter the workforce tend to be viewed by interviewers as being better qualified than unattractive applicants (Shahani, Dipboye, Gehrlein, 1993. ) In fact, evidence shows that this cognitive bias is so strong that it may lead attractive employees to be recommended to receive higher salaries and better promotions than unattractive employees (Morrow, McElrow, Stamper, Wilson 1990. ) . On the other hand, unattractive individuals suffer from the opposite effect of the attractiveness halo. Studies show that less attractive than average people are also perceived as being below average in other characteristics, like intelligence, years of education, confidence, desirability from the opposite sex, sensitivity, and ability to socialize (Jones, Hansson, Phillips, 1978. ) This effect is so strong that when individuals are initially perceived to have negative rankings of superficial characteristics like attractiveness, decisions made about them later on are likely to reflect this perception (Cann, Siegfried, Pearce, 1981). Many television shows and movies utilize this assumption as part of their plotline. For example, in Friends, Gandolf erroneously associates Rachel’s barista skills her extremely high levels of physical attractiveness. Unfortunately, his bias proves defective and she ends up being his worst, yet most attractive employee. In this paper I propose a study to test that, like Gandolf, employers are more likely to hire attractive individuals. Method Twenty-five business firm employers seeking to hire consultants will be recruited for this study. They will be recruited through several job  listings like universities’ post-graduation databases and job-posting websites like monster. com. The employers will be offered a small amount of compensation in exchange of participation. Each employer will be given the profiles of two potential applicants. They will be told to evaluate these people as if they were actual candidates. The fictitious candidates will be equally qualified in the following characteristics: years of experience and prestige of place experience was obtained, prestige of undergraduate university attended, and years out of college. By random distribution, the two candidates will be assigned an undergraduate business degree either from MIT or UCLA Berkeley (US Weekly tied these two universities for second in best undergraduate business programs. ) Although both applicants will have three years of experience in their field, they will be randomly assigned to either Goldman Sachs or JP Morgan (these are both considered to be equally prestigious places by employers. Both applicants will mention having the following attributes: strategic thinking, excellent organizational skills, good analytic judgment, sound knowledge in marketing and business planning, commercial knowledge and awareness, excellent mathematical skills, motivation, determination, and drive to achieve financial and business success, and good management, people and team working skills. According to my online research, these are traits inherent to a well-qualified consultant (Hitshopi, 2009.) The undergraduate GPA will purposefully not be provided to the employers to test the relationship they place between attractiveness and assumed GPA of job applicants. The two applicants will vary in attractiveness. Attractiveness will be determined by the â€Å"averageness† of a face; the more attractive face will be a compilation of the average of various facial features common to the Anglo-Saxon genetic disposition. Studies of compilations of average facial traits show that we have a biological preference for the average phenotype because we believe it indicates evolutionary resilient, fertile genotypes (Langlois, Roggman, 1990.) The other profile will be composed of a person with facial features that deviate from the average (example: wide-set eyes, etc. ) and as a result are found less attractive. After evaluating both profiles, the employers would be asked to complete a brief questionnaire that asks them the following: 1) Which of the two employees they would hire if they had a consultant spot to fill, and 2) To estimate the undergraduate GPA of each of the applicants. The employers will be instructed not to assign the same GPA applicants. The number of employees choosing the attractive applicants over the unattractive applicants and vice versa will be assessed through a chart and bar graph showing attractiveness (independent variable) on the X-axis, and chances of being hired (dependent variable) on the Y-axis. Likewise, the number of employers assigning the more attractive applicants higher GPA’s and vice versa will also be assessed for an association between attractiveness (independent variable) and GPA (dependent variable) through a chart and bar graph. It is expected that both results will show that employers will want to hire the attractive individuals more than the unattractive individuals and that they will assign the attractive individuals higher GPAs than the non-attractive individuals. If the hypothesized results were found, it would provide evidence for the generalization that attractive people have an unfair advantage in everything, including the workforce. It would also bolster existing evidence of the Halo Effect, especially the Attractiveness Halo. This is because it would prove that employers allow the positivity of one outstanding trait (attractiveness) to spillover on to other traits (intelligence). Some setbacks of this study are that the applicants attended different schools and worked at different places to prevent them from sounding identical, so employers may have chosen one applicant over the other because of personal preference of one place over the other. Also, because both applicants were female, we do not know if the results hold true for males as well. This is a question for future studies to address.

Physics Mc Practice free essay sample

The drawing shows three containers filled to the same height with the same fluid. In which container, if any, is the pressure at the bottom greatest? (a) Container A, because its bottom has the greatest surface area. (b) All three containers have the same pressure at the bottom. (c) Container A, because it has the greatest volume of fluid. (d) Container B, because it has the least volume of fluid. (e) Container C, because its bottom has the least surface area. 2. Three solid objects are floating in a liquid, as in the drawing. They have different weights and volumes, but have the same thickness (the dimension perpendicular to the page). Rank the objects according to their density, largest first. (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, A, C (d) B, C, A (e) C, A, B 3. The kinetic energy of an object attached to a horizontal ideal spring is denoted by KE and the elastic potential energy by PE. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics Mc Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For the simple harmonic motion of this object the maximum kinetic energy and the maximum elastic potential energy during an oscillation cycle are KEmax and PEmax , respectively. In the absence of friction, air resistance, and any other nonconservative forces, which of the following equations applies to the object–spring system? A. KE+PE = constant B. KEmax = PEmax (a) A, but not B (b) B, but not A (c) A and B (d) Neither A nor B 4. The drawing shows three objects rotating about a vertical axis. The mass of each object is given in terms of m0 , and its perpendicular distance from the axis is specified in terms of r0. Rank the three objects according to their moments of inertia, largest to smallest. (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, A, C (d) B, C, A (e) C, A, B 5. The drawing illustrates an overhead view of a door and its axis of rotation. The axis is perpendicular to the page. There are four forces acting on the door, and they have the same magnitude. Rank the torque ? that each force produces, largest to smallest. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ? 4 , ? 3 , ? 2 , ? 1 ? 3 , ? 2 , ? 1 and ? 4 (a two-way tie) ? 2 , ? 4 , ? 3 , ? 1 ? 1 , ? 4 , ? 3 , ? 2 ? 2 , ? 3 and ? 4 (a two-way tie), ? 1 6. Two points are located on a rigid wheel that is rotating with a decreasing angular velocity about a fixed axis. Point A is located on the rim of the wheel and point B is halfway between the rim and the axis. Which one of the following statements is true concerning this situation? (a) Both points have the same centripetal acceleration. (b) Both points have the same tangential acceleration. (c) The angular velocity at point A is greater than that of point B. (d) Both points have the same instantaneous angular velocity. (e) Each second, point A turns through a greater angle than point B. 7. Two identical cars are traveling at the same speed. One is heading due east and the other due north, as the drawing shows. Which statement is true regarding the kinetic energies and momenta of the cars? (a) They both have the same kinetic energies and the same momenta. (b) They have the same kinetic energies, but different momenta. (c) They have different kinetic energies, but the same momenta. (d) They have different kinetic energies and different momenta. 8. The same force F pushes in three different ways on a box moving with a velocity v, as the drawings show. Rank the work done by the force F in ascending order (smallest first): (a) A, B, C (b) A, C, B (c) B, A, C (d) C, A, B (e) B, C, A 9. In which one of the following circumstances could mechanical energy not possibly be conserved, even if friction and air resistance are absent? (a) A car moves up a hill, its velocity continually decreasing along the way. (b) A car moves down a hill, its velocity continually increasing along the way. (c) A car moves along level ground at a constant velocity. (d) A car moves up a hill at a constant velocity. 10. The drawings show three examples of the force with which someone pushes against a vertical wall. In each case the magnitude of the pushing force is the same. Rank the normal forces that the wall applies to the pusher in ascending order (smallest first). (a) C, B, A (b) B, A, C (c) A, C, B (d) B, C, A (e) C, A, B 11. Three identical blocks are being pulled or pushed across a horizontal surface by a force F, as shown in the drawings. The force F in each case has the same magnitude. Rank the kinetic frictional forces that act on the blocks in ascending order (smallest first). (a) B, C, A (b) C, A, B (c) B, A, C (d) C, B, A (e) A, C, B 12. An object is moving at a constant velocity. All but one of the following statements could be true. Which one cannot be true? (a) No forces act on the object. (b) A single force acts on the object. (c) Two forces act simultaneously on the object. (d) Three forces act simultaneously on the object. 13. Each drawing shows three points along the path of a projectile, one on its way up, one at the top, and one on its way down. The launch point is on the left in each drawing. Which drawing correctly represents the acceleration a of the projectile at these three points? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5 14. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 15. Two objects A and B accelerate from rest with the same constant acceleration. Object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B, however. Which one of the following statements is true concerning these objects at the end of their respective periods of acceleration? (a) Object A will travel twice as far as object B. (b) Object A will travel four times as far as object B. (c) Object A will travel eight times further than object B. (d) Object A will be moving four times faster than object B. (e) Object A will be moving eight times faster than object B. 16. Which one of the following statements concerning the moment of inertia I is false? I may be expressed in units of kg †¢ m2. (b) I depends on the angular acceleration of the object as it rotates. (c) I depends on the location of the rotation axis relative to the particles that make up the object. (d) I depends on the orientation of the rotation axis relative to the particles that make up the object. (e) Of the particles that make up an object, the particle with the smallest mass may contribute the greatest amount to I. 17. A wrecking ball attached to the end of a long, essentially massless chain is released from rest, from a height H = 5 meters off the ground, as shown in figure 1. At the lowest point of its swing, it collides with a piece of modern sculpture. Since the sculpture is made of wet clay, it sticks to the wrecking ball. The wrecking ball has mass 200 kg. The sculpture has mass 100 kg. During the collision the mechanical energy of the whole system: (a) increases (b) decreases (c) stays same (d) cannot be determined 18. Two identical satellites are in orbit about the earth. One orbit has a radius r and the other 2r. The centripetal force on the satellite in the larger orbit is as that on the satellite in the smaller orbit. The apparent weight of a passenger in an elevator is greater than his true weight. Which one of the following is true? (a) The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or moving upward with a decreasing speed. (b) The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or moving downward with an increasing speed. (c) The elevator is either moving upward with a decreasing speed or moving downward with a decreasing speed. The elevator is either moving upward with an increasing speed or moving downward with a decreasing speed. (e) The elevator is either moving upward with a decreasing speed or moving downward with an increasing speed. 20. What is the difference between distance and displacement? (a) Distance is a vector, while displacement is not a vector. (b) Displacement is a vector, while distance is not a vector. (c) There is no difference between the two concepts; they may be used interchangeably. (d) Only Physicsts know the difference, but there really isn’t any practical difference between the two.